Cellular breakage
In many states the problem of recycling of the electro devices which have served the term (including mobile phones) costs today extremely sharply. According to scientists, only the EU countries annually send on a dump to 6 million tons (!) of computers, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. The expenses connected with it in the Western Europe make hundred millions dollars. In Japan, according to "optimistically" forecasts of researchers, by 2008 for a dust burial place at all there will be no place.
The young industry of cellular communication disturbs ecologists especially. First of all because phones let out much (almost 500 million a year), and life cycle at them short. On the statistician - from eight about ten months. Certainly, owners do not hasten to get rid of phones. But when on change to out-of-date models come more convenient and quite accessible at the price of a novelty very few people will resist temptation. As a result - «used» mobile phones in tons go on a dump.
Making comments on a situation, manufacturers complain about whims of the users, demanding all new functional and design miracles. Certainly, business not only in it. The big influence on speed of working out of models is rendered by a competition between manufacturers. Refusal of perfection of technologies would be equivalent for each of them to a descent from a distance.
CIRCULATION OF PHONES IN THE NATURE
Process of natural replacement of mobile phones plunges ecologists into a shock. The special alarm is caused by that fact, that practically all devices getting on dumps contain the components concerning a category of the problem. Among them lead known for the toxicity, mercury, chrome and cadmium. However, and usual plastic (of which phone consists almost on 50 %) does not decorate a natural landscape.
To honor of manufacturers, they do not shut eyes to a problem. Perhaps, most the active position in this question is occupied with Scandinavians - Nokia and Ericsson. Last years they continuously conduct the researches, which purpose - creation of ecologically harmless cellular devices. The panacea is not found yet, but certain successes it is available.
For example, by analogy to become unfit for use cars the out-of-date or broken phones are offered to be used again: as raw materials, spare parts etc. The given process - recycling - gains today the increasing distribution. In the homeland Nokia has organized the whole network of places of acceptance (nearby 70) where consumers can at desire return the mobile phones which have served. For reception of devices there install the special... garbage cans. When the bucket is filled, phones withdraw and send for processing in the recirculation centers.
According to employees Nokia Mobile Phones, similar services are created now all over the world. In one region the Finnish firm is engaged recycling independently, in others - together with municipal authorities (in the Netherlands, Norway) or the industrial unions (in Australia).
Does not manage and without funny things. In February, 2000 "missionaries" from Nokia have reached Singapore. They intended to educate local population about advantages of recirculation. The motto «the Future in your hands», decorated doors of firm salons of communication, urged citizens to lower the phones which have served in special containers. To affliction of organizers, Singaporeans did not show due eagerness and even the spoilt accumulators left reluctantly.
To urge on their consciousness, Nokia has addressed for the help in... A zoo of Singapore. The Finnish company had to resort to the following dodge: the trained otter on nickname Pedro has begun to throw old mobile phones in the prepared bucket. Probably, it has worked: containers began to be filled. Nokia and to this day considers the Singapore experience in whole positive.
IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO LITTER!
The hugest in the world a dump on Station-Island (near New York) for 53 years of the existence has occupied the area over 2000 acres (approximately 800 hectares - almost three times more than the New York Central park) and has risen places to 70 m above sea level. Under the pressure of the public a dump recently has preserved, but a question where to put a waste (including industrial), remains opened. Over its decision many companies, for example concern Ericsson fight. Swedes have carried out researches in the markets of Europe, Japan and the USA and have published the program of processing of the telecommunication equipment for these regions (Recycling of telecommunication products in Europe, Japan and USA).
In document Ericsson considers two key scenarios of recycling: manual dismantle and «shredder». If the first method does not demand special explanatory it is necessary to dwell upon the second. It has experimental character and is based on mechanical crushing of an electronic waste under a press. The weight received thus passes through the magnetic divider drawing iron parts. Then the special air filter helps to separate nonferrous metals from plastic etc.
Not pressing in nuances of the Swedish research, say, that now the rate becomes on «shredder». The given technology economically is more favorable. The income of a reuse of metals makes about $5 from each transceiver. Thus its manual dismantling and transportation to a meltdown place manages approximately in as much. And here cost «shredder» essentially is cheaper - only $2-0.
Depending on specificity of region and specific target Ericsson recommends to combine both methods as it will allow to reduce number of a waste and again to use that is possible (for example, gold, silver, copper, a palladium).
PERFECT METHOD
Despite obvious advantages, recirculation in the present kind does not solve a problem for hundred percent. One of stumbling-blocks - plastic recycling of which the tube case is made, its keyboard etc. Plastic is difficult for separating from every possible impurity for a meltdown, and to burn or dig in it is harmfully for ecology. Therefore manufacturers work now on creation of more friendly to environment of materials.
In particular, Nokia is engaged in similar researches within the limits of project Design for Environment (DfE). And it is not unsuccessful. Recently there was a message that the Finnish engineers intended during the next years to present on world community court... biodecomposed mobile phones. Certainly, they will decay not in hands and not in a pocket of the owner, and in strictly taken away places.
Tests of harmless cases are already conducted. However developers yet do not manage to find among polymeric materials such which would be strong enough (unfortunately, on phones easily there are scratches). Skeptics besides assume, that biodecomposed cases will start to become unfit for use before device "stuffing", being exposed to invasion of various fungi and bacteria. As far as fears are defensible, to speak early. But if good luck all the same smiles to experts Nokia, value of their opening will be difficult for overestimating.
THE LAW IS THE LAW
In summary some words about such prominent aspect of struggle for cleanliness of environment, as legislative base. In May the Euro Parliament has accepted two bills, directly a concerning question of recycling of an electro waste. Among other members of parliament have urged the European industrialists for 2007 to bring to nothing use of problem materials and to replace their more sparing.
Besides, they persistently recommended to manufacturers to accept free of charge the thrown out techniques and to process it... at own expense. In case it is impossible (for example, the manufacturer not European), responsibility is assigned to the importer.
Such laws are already entered in the Netherlands and Norway. In Germany, Sweden, Italy, Denmark, Austria and Belgium similar statutory acts are going to come into force.
Now the Euro Parliament suggests toughening education of consumers by means of penalties - that people did not have a desire to throw the techniques anywhere. By the way, the rules working in Japan, more religiously: to leave a refrigerator or the TV, the owner should at first for it pay.
The federal authorities of the USA do not show special activity in similar questions. Only three states - California, Massachusetts and South Carolina - have started pilot recirculation projects electronic products. Possibly, to similar carelessness the extensive territory of the country has. At least, certain law is traced - the tiny countries-participants of EU zealously struggle with a waste.
In many states the problem of recycling of the electro devices which have served the term (including mobile phones) costs today extremely sharply. According to scientists, only the EU countries annually send on a dump to 6 million tons (!) of computers, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. The expenses connected with it in the Western Europe make hundred millions dollars. In Japan, according to "optimistically" forecasts of researchers, by 2008 for a dust burial place at all there will be no place.
The young industry of cellular communication disturbs ecologists especially. First of all because phones let out much (almost 500 million a year), and life cycle at them short. On the statistician - from eight about ten months. Certainly, owners do not hasten to get rid of phones. But when on change to out-of-date models come more convenient and quite accessible at the price of a novelty very few people will resist temptation. As a result - «used» mobile phones in tons go on a dump.
Making comments on a situation, manufacturers complain about whims of the users, demanding all new functional and design miracles. Certainly, business not only in it. The big influence on speed of working out of models is rendered by a competition between manufacturers. Refusal of perfection of technologies would be equivalent for each of them to a descent from a distance.
CIRCULATION OF PHONES IN THE NATURE
Process of natural replacement of mobile phones plunges ecologists into a shock. The special alarm is caused by that fact, that practically all devices getting on dumps contain the components concerning a category of the problem. Among them lead known for the toxicity, mercury, chrome and cadmium. However, and usual plastic (of which phone consists almost on 50 %) does not decorate a natural landscape.
To honor of manufacturers, they do not shut eyes to a problem. Perhaps, most the active position in this question is occupied with Scandinavians - Nokia and Ericsson. Last years they continuously conduct the researches, which purpose - creation of ecologically harmless cellular devices. The panacea is not found yet, but certain successes it is available.
For example, by analogy to become unfit for use cars the out-of-date or broken phones are offered to be used again: as raw materials, spare parts etc. The given process - recycling - gains today the increasing distribution. In the homeland Nokia has organized the whole network of places of acceptance (nearby 70) where consumers can at desire return the mobile phones which have served. For reception of devices there install the special... garbage cans. When the bucket is filled, phones withdraw and send for processing in the recirculation centers.
According to employees Nokia Mobile Phones, similar services are created now all over the world. In one region the Finnish firm is engaged recycling independently, in others - together with municipal authorities (in the Netherlands, Norway) or the industrial unions (in Australia).
Does not manage and without funny things. In February, 2000 "missionaries" from Nokia have reached Singapore. They intended to educate local population about advantages of recirculation. The motto «the Future in your hands», decorated doors of firm salons of communication, urged citizens to lower the phones which have served in special containers. To affliction of organizers, Singaporeans did not show due eagerness and even the spoilt accumulators left reluctantly.
To urge on their consciousness, Nokia has addressed for the help in... A zoo of Singapore. The Finnish company had to resort to the following dodge: the trained otter on nickname Pedro has begun to throw old mobile phones in the prepared bucket. Probably, it has worked: containers began to be filled. Nokia and to this day considers the Singapore experience in whole positive.
IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO LITTER!
The hugest in the world a dump on Station-Island (near New York) for 53 years of the existence has occupied the area over 2000 acres (approximately 800 hectares - almost three times more than the New York Central park) and has risen places to 70 m above sea level. Under the pressure of the public a dump recently has preserved, but a question where to put a waste (including industrial), remains opened. Over its decision many companies, for example concern Ericsson fight. Swedes have carried out researches in the markets of Europe, Japan and the USA and have published the program of processing of the telecommunication equipment for these regions (Recycling of telecommunication products in Europe, Japan and USA).
In document Ericsson considers two key scenarios of recycling: manual dismantle and «shredder». If the first method does not demand special explanatory it is necessary to dwell upon the second. It has experimental character and is based on mechanical crushing of an electronic waste under a press. The weight received thus passes through the magnetic divider drawing iron parts. Then the special air filter helps to separate nonferrous metals from plastic etc.
Not pressing in nuances of the Swedish research, say, that now the rate becomes on «shredder». The given technology economically is more favorable. The income of a reuse of metals makes about $5 from each transceiver. Thus its manual dismantling and transportation to a meltdown place manages approximately in as much. And here cost «shredder» essentially is cheaper - only $2-0.
Depending on specificity of region and specific target Ericsson recommends to combine both methods as it will allow to reduce number of a waste and again to use that is possible (for example, gold, silver, copper, a palladium).
PERFECT METHOD
Despite obvious advantages, recirculation in the present kind does not solve a problem for hundred percent. One of stumbling-blocks - plastic recycling of which the tube case is made, its keyboard etc. Plastic is difficult for separating from every possible impurity for a meltdown, and to burn or dig in it is harmfully for ecology. Therefore manufacturers work now on creation of more friendly to environment of materials.
In particular, Nokia is engaged in similar researches within the limits of project Design for Environment (DfE). And it is not unsuccessful. Recently there was a message that the Finnish engineers intended during the next years to present on world community court... biodecomposed mobile phones. Certainly, they will decay not in hands and not in a pocket of the owner, and in strictly taken away places.
Tests of harmless cases are already conducted. However developers yet do not manage to find among polymeric materials such which would be strong enough (unfortunately, on phones easily there are scratches). Skeptics besides assume, that biodecomposed cases will start to become unfit for use before device "stuffing", being exposed to invasion of various fungi and bacteria. As far as fears are defensible, to speak early. But if good luck all the same smiles to experts Nokia, value of their opening will be difficult for overestimating.
THE LAW IS THE LAW
In summary some words about such prominent aspect of struggle for cleanliness of environment, as legislative base. In May the Euro Parliament has accepted two bills, directly a concerning question of recycling of an electro waste. Among other members of parliament have urged the European industrialists for 2007 to bring to nothing use of problem materials and to replace their more sparing.
Besides, they persistently recommended to manufacturers to accept free of charge the thrown out techniques and to process it... at own expense. In case it is impossible (for example, the manufacturer not European), responsibility is assigned to the importer.
Such laws are already entered in the Netherlands and Norway. In Germany, Sweden, Italy, Denmark, Austria and Belgium similar statutory acts are going to come into force.
Now the Euro Parliament suggests toughening education of consumers by means of penalties - that people did not have a desire to throw the techniques anywhere. By the way, the rules working in Japan, more religiously: to leave a refrigerator or the TV, the owner should at first for it pay.
The federal authorities of the USA do not show special activity in similar questions. Only three states - California, Massachusetts and South Carolina - have started pilot recirculation projects electronic products. Possibly, to similar carelessness the extensive territory of the country has. At least, certain law is traced - the tiny countries-participants of EU zealously struggle with a waste.
No comments:
Post a Comment